Please refer to the attached file.
Key Takeaways
• Since December 2024, Syria has witnessed one of the largest and most rapid return movements of this century. More than 3.5 million refugees and IDPs have returned to their places of origin – a scale unimaginable only a few years ago. While the renewed possibility of return is encouraging, movements have far outpaced many communities’ absorption capacity. In many locations, returnees have found essential services missing and are having to live in damaged housing. As such, any future humanitarian programming should incorporate an area-based reintegration approach.
• Available benchmarks show that income covers only a fraction of essential costs. In March, the minimum wage covered 28% of WFP’s MEB for a family of five and less than half (43%) of its food component. Independently, SCPR found that university educated public-sector and private-sector wages covered only 33.9% and 38.5% of the household abject-poverty line in April. These findings reinforce the need to verify household income and expenditure locally before setting transfer values and to review values regularly as prices and exchange conditions change.
• Women-headed households, children, people with disabilities and families of missing persons face compounded protection concerns. Documentation and death-registration gaps restrict property rights and assistance; people with disabilities experience exclusion from work; economic stress increases GBV and harmful coping; and children are at a high risk for explosive-ordnance casualties, child labor and child marriages. Specialist legal assistance and robust referral system add-ons should be considered to ensure that assistance coverage goes beyond the minimum survival standards and accounts for specific vulnerabilities of affected groups.
• Cash-delivery conditions improved somewhat in June and July as exchange-rate differences narrowed and the Central Bank expanded currency choice for beneficiaries of covered incoming remittances. However, local humanitarian transactions and procurement must still be conducted in Syrian pounds, and feasibility remains highly location specific. Financial service provider liquidity, currency availability, fees, agent coverage, documentation requirements, electricity, connectivity and cash-out safety should therefore be verified before selecting a delivery mechanism, with offline and non-cash alternatives retained.
• Explosive-ordnance contamination and the prohibitive cost of land clearance constrain agricultural recovery in many return areas. Livelihood support should therefore extend beyond agriculture to viable non-farm microenterprises, particularly for womenheaded and returnee households. Productive-asset grants including support to purchase sewing machines, workshop tools, small-business stock, or equipment for small food retail activities is recommended, provided local assessment confirms demand and viability.